Clinical trial · Interventional
Anti-TNF Agents for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
A Partially Blinded, Randomized, Multi-Center, Phase IV Trial to Evaluate Mechanism of Action of Anti-TNF Agents in Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Source
- ClinicalTrials.gov
- Retrieved
- Sep 8, 2026
- Layer
- normalized (units and labels harmonized; values unchanged)
- Run
- ING-CLINICALTRIALS-20260908-000001
Summary
Brief summary (as posted)
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease that leads to inflammation and progressive joint damage. RA is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disorder affecting almost 1% of the United States population. Current therapies target the immune system early in the disease process before joint damage occurs, and include drugs such as methotrexate (MTX) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-blocking agents. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of two TNF inhibitors, etanercept and adalimumab, on memory B lymphocytes (B-cells) in the peripheral blood of participants with RA. Additionally, there are 4 optional sub-studies as part of the trial: * B-Cell Kinetic Sub-Study to look at changes in B-cell subsets over time and how quickly reductions in B-cell memory occur * Vaccine Response Sub-Study to assess B cell memory in response to immunization with hepatitis B,-hepatitis A, and diphtheria/tetanus vaccines, and to determine whether T-cell vaccine responses are altered with TNF blockade * Tonsil Biopsy Sub-Study to evaluate how TNF blockade affects memory B-cells in the tonsil dendritic cells and germinal cells * Synovial Biopsy Sub-Study to evaluate how TNF blockade affects changes in memory B-cells in lymphoid tissue.
Conditions
Conditions (1)
Free-text conditions as registered, with the CancerIndex entity they were reconciled to and the match type.
| Condition (as posted) | Mapped entity | Match | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | — | UNRESOLVED | — |
Interventions
Interventions (2)
| Intervention | Type | Mapped drug | Match |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adalimumab | Drug | — | UNRESOLVED |
| Etanercept | Drug | — | UNRESOLVED |
Design
Arms and outcomes
Arms (2)
- type
- EXPERIMENTAL
- label
- Etanercept
- description
- Participants receive a subcutaneous injection of etanercept once every week for 24 weeks
- interventionNames
- Drug: Etanercept
- type
- EXPERIMENTAL
- label
- Adalimumab
- description
- Participants receive a subcutaneous injection of adalimumab once every 2 weeks for 24 weeks
- interventionNames
- Drug: Adalimumab
Primary outcomes (1)
- measure
- Percentage of CD27+ Switched Memory B Cells at Week 12
- timeFrame
- Week 12
Eligibility
Eligibility (as posted)
- Sex
- All
- Minimum age
- 18 Years
- Maximum age
- 75 Years
Show eligibility criteria text
Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of RA\* * Disease duration as defined from the onset of symptoms of at least 3 months prior to study entry * Active RA with DAS28 \> 4.4, clinically requiring the addition of anti-TNF therapy * Stable dose of MTX between 7.5 mg and 25 mg weekly for at least 8 weeks prior to study entry * Able and willing to self-administer subcutaneous injections or have available qualified person(s) or caregiver to administer subcutaneous injections * For females, agree to use accepted methods of contraception during the duration of the study and for 150 days after study completion\*. \*More information on these criterion can be found in the protocol. Exclusion Criteria: * Positive PPD test - a tuberculosis (TB) skin test: (\> 5 mm induration regardless of prior Bacille Calmette-Guerin \[BCG\] vaccine administration) without evidence of ongoing treatment for at least 30 days or completed treatment * History of positive PPD or chest x-ray findings indicative of prior TB infection, without documentation of either treatment for TB infection or chemoprophylaxis for TB exposure * Prednisone dose \> 10 mg/day (or equivalent dose of another corticosteroid) within 30 days prior to study entry * Definitive diagnosis of another autoimmune disease that may require immunosuppression for treatment\* * Concomitant use of DMARDSs (e.g., disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs)\* * Any immunosuppressive therapy other than MTX, NSAIDs, or corticosteroids\* * Current or previous use of any biologic agent * Presence of open leg ulcers * Chronic or persistent infection that might be worsened by immunosuppressive treatment\* * Active infection or severe infections requiring hospitalization or treatment with intravenous (IV) antibiotics, IV antivirals, or IV antifungals within 30 days prior to study entry * Received oral antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals within 14 days prior to study entry * Certain abnormal laboratory values\* * Any medical condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with the study * History of malignancy other than treated localized carcinoma in situ of the cervix or adequately treated non-metastatic squamous or basal cell skin carcinoma within 10 years prior to study entry * Any Investigational agent within the earlier of 4 weeks or 5 half-lives prior to study entry * History of drug or alcohol abuse within 6 months prior to study entry * Known allergy or hypersensitivity to study products * Inability or unwillingness to follow the protocol * Any condition or treatment that, in the opinion of the investigator, places the participant at an unacceptable risk * Pregnant or breastfeeding \*More information on these criterion are in the protocol.
References
Publications (4)
- BACKGROUNDBingham CO 3rd. Emerging therapeutics for rheumatoid arthritis. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis. 2008;66(3):210-5. PMID 18937634
- BACKGROUNDOtomo K, Koike T. [TNF inhibitors for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi. 2008 Oct 10;97(10):2405-12. doi: 10.2169/naika.97.2405. No abstract available. Japanese. PMID 19149036
- BACKGROUNDSoen S. [Daily practice using the guidelines for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. The effects of anti-TNF therapy on bone and joint manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis]. Clin Calcium. 2008 Aug;18(8):1169-75. Japanese. PMID 18677056
- RESULTMeednu N, Barnard J, Callahan K, Coca A, Marston B, Thiele R, Tabechian D, Bolster M, Curtis J, Mackay M, Graf J, Keating R, Smith E, Boyle K, Keyes-Elstein L, Welch B, Goldmuntz E, Anolik JH. Activated Peripheral Blood B Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Their Relationship to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Treatment and Response: A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Effects of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor on B Cells. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022 Feb;74(2):200-211. doi: 10.1002/art.41941. Epub 2021 Dec 27. PMID 34347945