Busulfan, Melphalan, and Fludarabine With Peri-transplant Palifermin, Followed by a T-Cell Depleted Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant From HLA Matched or Mismatched Related or Unrelated Donors in Patients With Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients should be \< 65 years. Patients \> or equal to 65 years will be accrued on a case by case basis after discussion and approval by the BMT Service.
* Patients may be of either gender or any ethnic background.
* Patients must have a Karnofsky or Lansky Performance Status \> or equal to 70%.
* Patients must have adequate organ function measured by:

  \* Cardiac: asymptomatic or if symptomatic then LVEF at rest must be \> or equal to 50% and must improve with exercise.
* Hepatic: \< 3x ULN ALT and \< 1.5 total serum bilirubin, unless there is congenital benign hyperbilirubinemia.

  * Renal: serum creatinine \< than or equal to 1.2 mg/dl or if serum creatinine is outside the normal range, then CrCl \> 60-ml/min/1.73 m2
  * Pulmonary: asymptomatic or if symptomatic, DLCO \> 50% of predicted (corrected for hemoglobin)
* Each patient must be willing to participate as a research subject and must sign an informed consent form.
* Parent or legal guardians of patients who are minors will sign the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active CNS or skin leukemic involvement
* Female patients who are pregnant or breast-feeding
* Active viral, bacterial or fungal infection
* Patient seropositive for HIV-I/II; HTLV -I/II
* Patients who have undergone a prior allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplant within the previous six months.
* Patients who have had a previous malignancy that is not in remission.