A Study of Recombinant Vaccinia Virus to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of a Transdermal Injection Within the Tumor of Patients With Primary or Metastatic Hepatic Carcinoma

Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 18 years
* Patients with hepatic carcinoma (primary or metastatic) clinically or histologically confirmed to have tumors (≤10cm maximum diameter) that are progressing (refractory to standard treatment) despite regular treatment and that can be transdermally accessed by an injection needle in an imaging-guided procedure
* Tumor progression despite undergoing regular treatment such as surgery, transarterial chemoembolization, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy
* Performance score: Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) ≥70
* Expected survival of at least 16 weeks
* For patients who are sexually active, able and willing to use contraceptives for a three month period during and after taking JX-594
* WBC \> 3,500 cells/mm3
* ANC \> 1,500 cells/mm3
* Hemoglobin \> 10g/dL
* Platelet count \> 75,000 plts/mm3
* Serum creatinine \< 1.5 mg/dL
* AST, ALT \< 2.5 x ULN
* Total bilirubin ≤ 2.0 mg/dL
* In patients with primary HCC, Child Pugh A or B
* Able/willing to sign an IRB/IEC/REB-approved written consent form
* Able and willing to comply with study procedures and follow-up examinations

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant or nursing an infant
* Known infection with HIV
* Clinically significant active infection or uncontrolled medical condition considered high risk for investigational new drug treatment
* Significant immunodeficiency due to underlying illness (e.g. hematological malignancies, congenital immunodeficiencies and/or HIV infection/AIDS) and/or medication (e.g. high-dose systemic corticosteroids)
* Patients with household contacts with significant immunodeficiency
* History of exfoliative skin condition (e.g. severe eczema, ectopic dermatitis, or similar skin disorder) that at some stage has required systemic therapy
* Severe or unstable cardiac disease
* Use of adrenal cortical hormone drug or immunosuppressant within four weeks of study enrollment