Endobronchial Ultrasound Versus Mediastinoscopy in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patient must be \>/= 18 years old.
2. Patient must have ECOG/Zubrod status 0, 1, or 2.
3. Patient must have clinically resectable, NSCLC (squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, sarcomatoid, neuroendocrine or large cell) and be clinical Stage IIIa, according to the 1998 staging system of the American Joint Commission on Cancer for lung cancer.
4. Patient must have proven or suspected NSCLC prior to registration. Patients who obtain subsequent pathologic confirmation of NSCLC at the time of EBUS or subsequent surgery will remain enrolled on the study. Patients subsequently found to have an etiology other than NSCLC will be excluded from further analysis.
5. Patient must be anticipated to have definitive therapy for primary NSCLC. This may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy or a combination the above.
6. Patient must be medically fit for definitive therapy.
7. Patient or the patient's legally acceptable representative must provide a signed and dated written informed consent prior to registration and any study-related procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patient has received prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy for this cancer.
2. Patient is considered a poor risk due to non-malignant systemic disease (cardiovascular, renal, etc.) that would preclude the treatment options.
3. Patient has contraindication to either endobronchial ultrasound or mediastinoscopy such as: Latex allergy; Bleeding diathesis; Previous mediastinoscopy; Previous mediastinal nodal resection; Previous tracheostomy.
4. Patients malignancy not consistent with NSCLC