Donor Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Myeloid Cancer or Other Disease

Inclusion Criteria:

* Primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

  * First complete remission (CR) with high risk features as defined by: failure to achieve remission by day 21 after induction chemotherapy, or the presence of chromosomal abnormalities involving any of the following: -5/de (5q), -7/del(7q), inversion 3q, abnormalities of 11q23, 20q, 21q, del(9q), translocation 6;9, translocation 9;22, abnormalities of 17p, or complex karyotype with \> or = 3 abnormalities. Complete remission is defined as \< 5% blasts in the marrow.
  * Second CR or subsequent in remission
  * Refractory or relapsed disease with absolute peripheral blood blasts \< 2000/mcL
* Secondary AML in remission or relapse
* Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in accelerated or blast phase

  * Accelerated phase is defined by any one of the following:

    * Blasts 10% to 19% of peripheral blood white cells or bone marrow cells
    * Peripheral blood basophils at least 20%
    * Persistent thrombocytopenia (\<100 x 10\^9/L) unrelated to therapy, or persistent thrombocytosis (\>1000 x 10\^9/L) unresponsive to therapy
    * Increasing spleen size and increasing white blood cell (WBC) count unresponsive to therapy
    * Cytogenetic evidence of clonal evolution (i.e., the appearance of an additional genetic abnormality that was not present in the initial specimen at the time of diagnosis of chronic phase CML)
    * Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib or other) defined as no complete cytogenetic response even if the above criteria are not met.
  * Blast phase is defined by either of the following:

    * Blasts 20% or more of peripheral blood white cells or bone marrow cells
    * Extramedullary blast proliferation
    * Large foci or clusters of blasts in bone marrow biopsy
* Primary myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with an IPSS score \>1
* Secondary MDS with any international prostate symptom score (IPSS)
* Age ≤60 years
* Co-Morbidity score 0-2
* At least 35 days following start of preceding leukemia induction therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients for whom a suitable HLA genotypically identical sibling or fully matched HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 unrelated donor is available.
* Patients greater than 60 years of age.
* Hypersensitivity to thymoglobulin.
* Symptomatic uncontrolled coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure.
* Hepatic disease with transaminases or bilirubin \> 2 times upper limit of normal (ULN) except for isolated hyperbilirubinemia attributed to Gilbert's syndrome.
* Severe hypoxemia with room air - Partial Pressure of Oxygen in Arterial Blood - (PAO2) \< 70, supplemental oxygen-dependence, or carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) \< 50% predicted.
* Impaired renal function with creatinine \> 2 times upper limit of normal (ULN) or creatinine clearance measured by 24-hour urine collection \< 50% normal for age, gender, and weight.
* Patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement with disease refractory to intrathecal chemotherapy.
* Patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive.
* Patients who are pregnant or breast-feeding.
* Patients with active infections that are untreated, or failing to respond to appropriate therapy.
* Karnofsky performance status \< 50%.
* Prior allogeneic or autologous bone marrow, peripheral blood stem cell, or umbilical cord blood transplant.
* Inability to provide informed consent.
* Co-morbidity score \>2
* Less than 35 days from start of previous leukemia induction therapy