Chemotherapy and HAART to Treat AIDS-related Primary Brain Lymphoma

This study will investigate the use of chemotherapy plus highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-related primary brain lymphoma. None of the drugs used in this study are experimental, but chemotherapy plus HAART has not been established as a standard treatment in patients with AIDS. The chemotherapy regimen used in this study (see below) was chosen because it may be less toxic to immune cells called T-lymphocytes than most drug treatments for lymphoma. People with AIDS 18 and older and have primary brain lymphoma may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with a medical history and physical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans, cerebrospinal fluid studies, brain biopsy at tumor sites, if possible, electrocardiogram and blood tests. Participants undergo six 2-week "induction treatment" cycles of HAART plus chemotherapy with methotrexate, rituximab and leucovorin, followed by two 4-week "consolidation" treatment cycles using HAART, methotrexate and leucovorin, and then HAART alone. Rituximab is given by intravenous (intravenous (IV), through a vein) day 1 of each cycle. Also on day 1 IV fluids are given to lower acidity in the urine to protect the kidneys from the methotrexate. On day 2, methotrexate is infused through a vein over 4 hours. Starting 24 hours after initiation of the methotrexate infusion, leucovorin is given every 3 to 6 hours (first IV and then possibly by mouth) until the drug decreases to a target level in the blood. HAART is begun as soon as possible. The specific HAART regimen for each patient is determined individually. All patients are hospitalized the first week of every 2-week treatment cycle for safety monitoring. In addition to HAART and chemotherapy, patients undergo the following tests and procedures: * Intellectual functioning: Before starting treatment, patients are tested for their ability to understand basic concepts and coordination in order to be able to evaluate how the brain lymphoma affects thinking and concentration. After the lymphoma appears to have resolved, more formal and intensive tests are done. The intensive tests are repeated each year, and shorter, interim tests are done about every 6 months. Also, a specialist periodically monitors patients' understanding of HAART and the importance of this therapy. * Blood tests: Blood is drawn every day during hospitalizations to measure methotrexate levels and to evaluate kidney and liver function and blood counts. Blood is also drawn before starting therapy, when the lymphoma disappears, 6 months after completing treatment, and any time it appears that the lymphoma may have recurred to test for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a virus that is almost always present in AIDS-related primary brain lymphoma. * Imaging tests: Patients undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans periodically to monitor the effects of treatment on the lymphoma. MRI scans are done after the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th treatments, then every 2 months for three times, every 3 months for six times, every 6 months for four times, and then every year for 5 years, or sooner if there is a concern about the brain. PET scans are done after the first cycle, after the MRI suggests the lymphoma is gone, and then yearly. * Lumbar puncture (spinal tap): This test is done to look for EBV in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Under local anesthetic, a needle is inserted in the space between the bones in the lower back where the CSF circulates below the spinal cord and a small amount of fluid is collected through the needle. This test is done at the same times as the blood tests for EBV. * Eye examinations: Patients' eyes are examined periodically because brain lymphoma can sometimes spread to the eye and because some people with AIDS-related primary brain lymphoma are at risk of certain eye infections.

Sex

All

Minimum age

18 Years

Maximum age

99 Years

* INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology (previous records acceptable)

* Diagnosis of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
* Confirmed histopathologic diagnosis by National Cancer Institute (NCI) Laboratory of Pathology
* If tissue diagnosis is not feasible for any reason, such as undue risk to the patient to acquire tissue diagnosis, the following will be accepted as confirmed Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related primary central nervous system lymphoma (AR-PCNSL) diagnosis:
* Positive brain fluro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and
* Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
* Age 18 years or greater
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance less than or equal to 0-4
* Ability to understand and willing to provide informed consent
* If patient unable to understand informed consent, a previously designated durable power of attorney for healthcare or an individual with legal authority may substitute in this capacity
* Assignment of a durable power of attorney for healthcare if not already done

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

* Prior therapy for central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma
* Steroids not an exclusion
* Evidence of lymphoma outside of the central nervous system
* Ocular involvement will not exclude
* Multidrug resistant HIV not amenable to long-term suppression based on either or both:
* Clinical history of poor adherence to multiple antiretroviral drugs deemed sufficient to render effective HIV control unattainable;
* HIV mutational analysis (genotyping and/or phenotyping) that reveals high-level resistance to more than 1 class of anti-HIV drugs such that a combination regimen comprised of agents from at least two drug classes can not be devised to suppress HIV long-term.
* Refusal to adhere to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
* Concurrent malignancy other than Kaposi sarcoma, resectable squamous cell or basal cell skin cancer, or T1 anal cancer amenable to surgical resection.
* Heart failure, Class IV by New York Heart Association criteria
* Chronic Liver Disease, Child-Pugh class B or C

Pregnancy

* Refusal to practice contraception during chemotherapy.
* Any condition or set of circumstances that the Principal Investigator or Protocol Chair interprets as creating undue risk to the patient by participating on this study or would make the patient unlikely to comply with the study.

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• DERIVEDKranick SM, Goncalves PH, Stetler-Stevenson M, Aleman K, Polizzotto MN, Little RF, Yarchoan R, Uldrick TS. Paradoxical central nervous system immune reconstitution syndrome in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related primary central nervous system lymphoma. Haematologica. 2015 Jan;100(1):e21-4. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2014.114736. Epub 2014 Oct 10. No abstract available. PMID 25304612