Phase I/II Dose-escalation Study of Lutetium-177-labeled cG250 in Patients With Advanced Renal Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects with proven advanced and progressive renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of the clear cell type.
2. At least one evaluable lesion \< 5 cm.
3. Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70%.
4. Laboratory values obtained \< 14 days prior to registration:

   * White blood cells (WBC) ≥ 3.5 × 10\^9/L
   * Platelet count ≥ 100 × 10\^9/L
   * Hemoglobin ≥ 6 mmol/L
   * Total bilirubin ≤ 2 × upper limit of normal (ULN)
   * Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase ≤ 3 × ULN (\< 5 × ULN if liver metastases present)
   * Serum creatinine ≤ 2 × ULN
5. Negative pregnancy test for women of childbearing potential (urine or serum).
6. Age over 18 years.
7. Ability to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Known metastases to the brain.
2. Untreated hypercalcemia.
3. Metastatic disease limited to the bone.
4. Pre-exposure to murine/chimeric antibody therapy.
5. Chemotherapy, external beam radiation or immunotherapy within 4 weeks prior to study. Limited field external beam radiotherapy to prevent pathological fractures was allowed, when unirradiated, evaluable lesions were present elsewhere.
6. Cardiac disease with New York Heart Association classification of III or IV.
7. Subjects who were pregnant, nursing or of reproductive potential and were not practicing an effective method of contraception.
8. Any unrelated illness, e.g., active infection, inflammation, medical condition or laboratory abnormality, that in the judgement of the investigator would have significantly affected the subject's clinical status.
9. Life expectancy \< 6 months.