Study for Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Inclusion Criteria:

* Confirmed diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the second salvage setting: refractory to two prior courses of therapy or primary refractory without response to two previous courses of leukemia therapy.
* Patients must have received at least two previous courses of induction chemotherapy to be considered in the second salvage setting.
* Patients who are in second relapse, must have had a duration of their second CR or CRp of less than six months.
* Subjects must have adequate organ and immune function as indicated by the following laboratory values:

  * Creatinine clearance ≥ 45 mL/min and ≤ 125 mL/min;
  * Total bilirubin ≤ 2.0 mg/dL (≤ 34.2 µmol/L);
  * AST (SGOT) and ALT (SGPT) ≤ 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN).
  * Subjects must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of \< 2, and an estimated life expectancy of at least eight weeks.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Clinical evidence of active central nervous system (CNS) leukemic involvement
* Active and uncontrolled infection
* Uncontrolled medical problems unrelated to the malignancy that impair patient ability to give informed consent or unacceptably reduce the safety of the proposed treatment
* Neurologic or psychiatric disorders that would interfere with informed consent or study follow-up
* Known or suspected intolerance or hypersensitivity to Troxatyl® or closely related compounds such as lamivudine or any of the stated ingredients
* A recent history of alcohol or other substance abuse
* Subjects who have used another investigational agent or participated in a clinical trial within the last 14 days prior to enrolment
* Females with a positive pregnancy test at screening
* Subjects who have previously been enrolled into this study and subsequently withdrew