Celecoxib in Preventing Lung Cancer in Former Heavy Smokers

Inclusion Criteria:

* Heavy former smokers without prior history of NSCLC

  * Age \> 45
  * Smoked for minimum of 30 pack years
* Former smokers with prior curative resection of surgical stage I NSCLC will be recruited and must be:

  * Age \> 18
  * Smoked \> 10 pack years
  * Must have had pathological staging and the extent of disease documented. At least one nodal station each must have been biopsied and all biopsies must have been negative
  * At least 6 months post curative resection of Stage I prior NSCLC, without evidence for recurrence or second primary lung cancer
* Normal blood chemistry and cell counts
* Negative pregnancy test

Exclusion Criteria:

* Framingham 10-year-risk for coronary artery disease score \> 10%
* History of cardiovascular disease
* Evidence of diffuse coronary calcification on screening CT
* Concurrent use of NSAIDs. The use of cardiac (baby) Aspirin is permitted
* Hypersensitivity to celecoxib, sulfonamides, aspirin or other NSAIDs
* Liver dysfunction \[abnormally elevated liver function tests \[transaminases (ALT, AST) \> ULN, alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) \> 1.5 ULN\]\] or history of cirrhosis
* No peptic ulcer disease (PUD) diagnosis nor active symptoms in the last 2 years or, if PUD was diagnosed \< 2 years, there must be no active symptoms, and endoscopic confirmation of healing
* Renal dysfunction \[abnormally elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) \> 1.5 ULN and creatinine \> ULN\]
* End state respiratory disease
* Unstable angina or a history of significant coronary artery disease
* Other malignancies excluding non-melanoma type skin cancer and in situ cervical cancer. Persons with stage I/II head and neck cancer must be disease free for at least 12 months
* Pregnancy
* Lactation
* Unwillingness to practice contraception
* On systemic corticoid steroid therapy
* Coagulopathy
* Use of Coumadin
* Concurrent use of medication know to alter or be affected by alteration of hepatic p450 2C9 enzymes.
* Patients with concurrent medical conditions that may interfere with completion of tests, therapy, or the follow up schedule
* Patients who had received photosensitizing agents such as hematoporphyrin derivative or chemopreventive drugs such as retinoids within 3 months prior to the bronchoscopic procedure, radiotherapy to the chest, or cytotoxic chemotherapy agents
* Subject found to have CIS during screening bronchoscopy will be treated with local therapy prior to randomization