Brachytherapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer

RATIONALE: Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage tumor cells. Giving radiation therapy through seeds implanted into the prostate may kill more tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of brachytherapy in treating patients with stage I or stage II prostate cancer.

Sex

Male

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: Histologically proven locally confined adenocarcinoma of the prostate Stage I or II (T1b-c or T2a-b, NX, M0) PSA no greater than 10 ng/mL Prostate volume by transurethral ultrasound no greater than 45/mm3 at least 1 week, but no more than 4 weeks, prior to implant Gleason score no greater than 6 American Urological Association voiding symptom score no greater than 12 No evidence of distant metastases No lymph node involvement

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: Age: Not specified Performance status: Karnofsky 70-100% Life expectancy: Not specified Hematopoietic: Not specified Hepatic: Not specified Renal: Not specified Other: No prior or concurrent malignancy within 5 years except basal or squamous cell skin cancer No major medical or psychiatric illness

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: Biologic therapy: Not specified Chemotherapy: No prior chemotherapy Endocrine therapy: No prior hormonal therapy, including finasteride Radiotherapy: No prior pelvic radiotherapy Surgery: No prior radical surgery for prostate cancer (e.g., transurethral prostatectomy) No hip prosthesis

• BACKGROUNDGillin MT, Dunning BF, Lawton CA, Foley WD, Byhardt RW, Morton G, Baikadi M, Pisansky TT, Michalski JM, Ibbott G, Lopez F; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Quality assurance methods for the first Radiation Therapy Oncology Group permanent prostate implant protocol. Brachytherapy. 2006 Jul-Sep;5(3):152-6. doi: 10.1016/j.brachy.2006.05.004. PMID 16864066
• RESULTLawton CA, Hunt D, Lee WR, Gomella L, Grignon D, Gillin M, Morton G, Pisansky TM, Sandler H. Long-term results of a phase II trial of ultrasound-guided radioactive implantation of the prostate for definitive management of localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate (RTOG 98-05). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Sep 1;81(1):1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.05.056. Epub 2011 Apr 4. PMID 21470793
• RESULTLawton CA, DeSilvio M, Lee WR, Gomella L, Grignon D, Gillin M, Morton G, Pisansky T, Sandler H. Results of a phase II trial of transrectal ultrasound-guided permanent radioactive implantation of the prostate for definitive management of localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate (radiation therapy oncology group 98-05). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007 Jan 1;67(1):39-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.08.016. Epub 2006 Nov 2. PMID 17084551
• RESULTFeigenberg SJ, Lee WR, Desilvio ML, Winter K, Pisansky TM, Bruner DW, Lawton C, Morton G, Baikadi M, Sandler H. Health-related quality of life in men receiving prostate brachytherapy on RTOG 98-05. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Jul 15;62(4):956-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.12.061. PMID 15989995
• RESULTLawton CA, DeSilvio M, Lee WR, et al.: Correlating prostate seed implant quality with clinical outcomes for patients treated on RTOG protocol 98-05 (a multi-institutional phase II trial of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate seed implant for localized prostate cancer). [Abstract] American Society of Clinical Oncology 2005 Prostate Cancer Symposium, 17-19 February 2005, Orlando, Florida. A-90, 2005.