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Rethinking stage IVB gallbladder cancer: Decoupling N2M0 from M1 via de-escalation, chemotherapy, and risk stratification.

Yuxuan Chen, Shiyu Chen, Kaiju He, Xiang Zhao, Yue Yang, Yidi Zhu, Xiangsong Wu

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical OncologySep 1, 2026PMID 42485921doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2026.112031 Journal ArticlepubmedProvenance
Source
PubMed
Retrieved
Sep 29, 2026
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normalized (units and labels harmonized; values unchanged)
Run
ING-PUBMED-20260929-000001
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INTRODUCTION: In the AJCC 8th edition, N2M0 and M1 gallbladder cancer (GBC) are classified into Stage IVB, leading clinicians to treat them identically. This study separates N2M0 from M1 disease, re-evaluating chemotherapy, surgical quality, and establishing a clinical risk stratification system…

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