Cancer Family
Respiratory System Neoplasm
CI-CAN-00000049Explore in graph →
Non-malignant2,727 active trials51 approved drugs619 evidence items
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Cancer Family
CI-CAN-00000049Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
1,284 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KRAS G12C9 | ||||||||
| Sotorasib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | submitted | EID9958In preclinical analyses, treatment with AMG 510 led to the regression of KRAS G12C tumors and improved the anti-tumor efficacy of chemotherapy and targeted agents. AMG 510 was shown to inhibit p-ERK a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31666701 · Canon et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Adagrasib + SotorasibCombination | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11521Combination of the PAK4 inhibitor KPT9274 and KRASG12C inhibitors in preclinical models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) shows remarkably enhanced anti… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37703579 · Khan et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Afatinib + SotorasibCombination | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID9960In preclinical analyses, treatment with AMG 510 led to the regression of KRAS G12C tumors and improved the anti-tumor efficacy of chemotherapy and targeted agents. AMG 510 was shown to cause synergist… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31666701 · Canon et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AMG511 + SotorasibCombination | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID9964In preclinical analyses, treatment with AMG 510 led to the regression of KRAS G12C tumors and improved the anti-tumor efficacy of chemotherapy and targeted agents. AMG 510 was shown to cause synergist… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31666701 · Canon et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Carboplatin + SotorasibCombination | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID9965In preclinical analyses, treatment with AMG 510 led to the regression of KRAS G12C tumors and improved the anti-tumor efficacy of chemotherapy and targeted agents. AMG 510 was shown to cause synergist… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31666701 · Canon et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Erlotinib + SotorasibCombination | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID9961In preclinical analyses, treatment with AMG 510 led to the regression of KRAS G12C tumors and improved the anti-tumor efficacy of chemotherapy and targeted agents. AMG 510 was shown to cause synergist… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31666701 · Canon et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RMC-4550 + SotorasibCombination | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID9962In preclinical analyses, treatment with AMG 510 led to the regression of KRAS G12C tumors and improved the anti-tumor efficacy of chemotherapy and targeted agents. AMG 510 was shown to cause synergist… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31666701 · Canon et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Sotorasib + TrametinibCombination | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID9963In preclinical analyses, treatment with AMG 510 led to the regression of KRAS G12C tumors and improved the anti-tumor efficacy of chemotherapy and targeted agents. AMG 510 was shown to cause synergist… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31666701 · Canon et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Selumetinib + TizaterkibCombination | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID9146In preclinical experiments using the KRAS G12C mutant NSCLC cell line NCI-H358, combination AZD0364 and selumetinib treatment showed synergistic effect as defined by a Loewe score >=5, as well as stro… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33273059 · Flemington et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G12D17 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Malignant Lung Neoplasm | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID228KRAS G12D mutation occurs in never smokers significantly more often than in smokers. PMID 23014527 · Dogan et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dabrafenib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID91A 63 year old patient was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and received several treatment regimens over approximately three years, including carboplatin/paclitaxel, erlotinib, pemetrexed/bevacizumab… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23524406 · Rudin et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Erlotinib | Malignant Lung Neoplasm | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3951In recurrent lung cancer patients treated with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib, patients with KRAS mutations had a lower frequency of partial response (PR) and… | |
| KRAS G12D + MET Splice Site (c.2888_3028del)METKRAS1 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID11461A 45-year old male (heavy smoker) presented with stage IV NSCLC (moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Sanger sequencing revealed a MET exon 14 splice site mutation (c.2888_3028del) and KRAS G12D … (full text at CIViC) PMID 27257131 · Liu et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G12D + TSC1 Loss-of-functionKRASTSC11 | ||||||||
| Sirolimus | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID154Following rapamycin treatment of mice with KrasG12D-induced lung adenocarcinomas, mice with Tsc1 deletion (exon17/18 deletion resulting in frameshift) in the lung exhibit increased overall survival, i… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19966866 · Liang et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G12/G131 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib + GefitinibSubstitutes | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID35In 60 patients with NSCLC, Exon 2 KRAS mutations were associated with resistance to the EGFR kinase inhibitors gefitinib or erlotinib (9/38 refractory vs 0/21 sensitive patients; P=0.0201). PMID 15696205 · Pao et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G12R2 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3993In a retrospective study of 274 stage IIIB or IV non-small cell lung cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (25/55) treated with erlotinib plus chemotherapy were associated with decreas… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16043828 · Eberhard et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3995In a prospective study of 522 European non-small cell lung cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (42/307) treated with erlotinib as a second-, third-line or more treatment were associa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22982650 · Cadranel et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G12S8 | ||||||||
| Dasatinib | Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID4020In an in vitro study, the A549 cell line, which harbors the KRAS G12S mutation, was found to have insensitivity to dasatinib treatment (IC50: 7.4 uM). In in vivo experiments, KRAS G12S expressing A549… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22328973 · Hammerman et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Erlotinib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID4013In a retrospective study of 274 stage IIIB or IV non-small cell lung cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (25/55) treated with erlotinib plus chemotherapy were associated with decreas… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16043828 · Eberhard et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | |||||||
| KRAS G12V7 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID987Retrospective analysis of data from 841 patients who underwent surgery and molecular testing for NSCLC. Mutant KRAS was observed in 265 (31.5%) cases and 90 of these were G12V. Patients with KRAS G12… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26372703 · Renaud et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Crizotinib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID8891This study analyzed patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were positive for EML4-ALK fusions (ALK+) and progressed on crizotinib monotherapy. One patient harbored KRAS G12V co-mutation … (full text at CIViC) PMID 22235099 · Doebele et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Docetaxel + SelumetinibCombination | ||||||||
| KRAS G13C2 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3901In a retrospective study of 274 stage IIIB or IV non-small cell lung cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (25/55) treated with erlotinib plus chemotherapy were associated with decreas… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16043828 · Eberhard et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3902In a prospective study of 522 European non-small cell lung cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (42/307) treated with erlotinib as a second-, third-line or more treatment were associa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22982650 · Cadranel et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G13D2 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3892In a retrospective study of 274 stage IIIB or IV non-small cell lung cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (25/55) treated with erlotinib plus chemotherapy were associated with decreas… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16043828 · Eberhard et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3893In a prospective study of 522 European non-small cell lung cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (42/307) treated with erlotinib as a second-, third-line or more treatment were associa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22982650 · Cadranel et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 11 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
PMID 17409929 · Endoh et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC
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| 〃 | Malignant Lung Neoplasm | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3952In lung cancer patients, KRAS mutations were associated with reduced overall survival compared to patients with wildtype KRAS status (n=195, P=0.009, univariate analysis; risk ratio:1.8, 95% CI:1.1-3.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 10580029 · Nelson et al., 1999 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Lung Neoplasm | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3953In stage II non-small cell lung cancer patients, KRAS mutations were associated with reduced overall survival compared to wildtype KRAS (13mo vs. 38mo, P=0.03). In patients with surgically resected st… (full text at CIViC) PMID 10080613 · Graziano et al., 1999 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Lung Neoplasm | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3954Lung adenocarcinoma patients with KRAS mutations experienced reduced disease-free survival (63% vs. 44% , P=0.038) and overall survival (63% vs. n=32% , P=0.002) compared to wildtype KRAS patients. … (full text at CIViC) PMID 2199829 · Slebos et al., 1990 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Lung Neoplasm | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3949In locally advanced or metastic (stage IIIB or IV) non-small cell lung cancer patients with KRAS mutations, those treated with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib … (full text at CIViC) PMID 16043828 · Eberhard et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3955In a prospective study of 522 European non-small cell lung cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (42/307) treated with erlotinib as a second-, third-line or more treatment were associa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22982650 · Cadranel et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Gefitinib | Malignant Lung Neoplasm | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID2240In recurrent lung cancer patients treated with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib, patients with KRAS mutations had a lower frequency of partial response (PR) and… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17409929 · Endoh et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Lung Neoplasm | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID2241In locally advanced or metastic (stage IIIB or IV) non-small cell lung cancer patients with KRAS mutations, those treated with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib … (full text at CIViC) PMID 16043828 · Eberhard et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Lung Neoplasm | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID2243In lung cancer patients, KRAS mutations were associated with reduced overall survival compared to patients with wildtype KRAS status (n=195, P=0.009, univariate analysis; risk ratio:1.8, 95% CI:1.1-3.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 10580029 · Nelson et al., 1999 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Lung Neoplasm | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID2244In stage II non-small cell lung cancer patients, KRAS mutations were associated with reduced overall survival compared to wildtype KRAS (13mo vs. 38mo, P=0.03). In patients with surgically resected st… (full text at CIViC) PMID 10080613 · Graziano et al., 1999 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Lung Neoplasm | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID2245Lung adenocarcinoma patients with KRAS mutations experienced reduced disease-free survival (63% vs. 44% , P=0.038) and overall survival (63% vs. n=32% , P=0.002) compared to wildtype KRAS patients. … (full text at CIViC) PMID 2199829 · Slebos et al., 1990 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Lung Neoplasm | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | rejected | EID2246KRAS mutations have also been observed in biliary tract, bladder, breast, cervix, colon, endometrial, kidney, liver, melanoma, myeloid leukemia, ovarian, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer. PMID 17384584 · Schubbert et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G12D Inhibitor HRS-4642 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12137Zhou, C., et al. developed a novel KRAS G12D inhibitor, HRS-4642, and found that in preclincial experiments, HRS-4642 effectively reduced tumor growth compared to controls. After preclinical success, … (full text at CIViC) PMID 38942026 · Zhou et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dactolisib + SelumetinibCombination | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID305The use of NVP-BEZ235 in conjunction with ARRY-142886, but not as monotherapy, in a lung cancer mouse model with an inducible KRAS G12D mutation (lox-stop-lox KRAS G12D floxed via inhaled adenoviral C… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19029981 · Engelman et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Setidegrasib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12937A phase 1 dose‑escalation and dose‑expansion study in patients with previously treated advanced KRAS p.G12D mutant NSCLC (NCT05382559; n = 203 overall; n = 45 NSCLC treated at the recommended phase 2 … (full text at CIViC) PMID 41879829 · Park et al., 2026 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| C |
| Supports Resistance |
| — |
| submitted |
EID4017In a prospective study of 522 European non-small cell lung cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (42/307) treated with erlotinib as a second-, third-line or more treatment were associa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22982650 · Cadranel et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID4018In an in vitro study, �an A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell line expressing KRAS G12S mutation (endogenous expression) demonstrated resistance to erlotinib treatment compared to SK-MES-1 and H661 c… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24351425 · Toulany et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Gefitinib | Malignant Lung Neoplasm | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID2273In recurrent lung cancer patients treated with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib, patients with KRAS mutations had a lower frequency of partial response (PR) and… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17409929 · Endoh et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MUC1-targeted Peptide GO-203-2C | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 4 | submitted | EID7178Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) that harbor an oncogenic KRAS mutation are often associated with resistance to targeted therapies. MUC1-C transmembrane protein is aberrantly over-expressed in NSC… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25245423 · Kharbanda et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PI103 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID7050In A549, a gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell line that harbors KRAS G12S, PI103 reduced cell growth and blocked cell cycle progression. PMID 19513541 · Zou et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Vemurafenib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID4019In an in vitro study, the A549 cell line expressing a KRAS G12S mutation was associated with resistance to vemurafenib treatment. Resistance was determined by assessing cell viability and phosphorylat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25706985 · Joshi et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| B |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 1 |
| accepted |
EID114383 patients from a phase II trial (docetaxel + placebo or selumetinib) with KRAS mutant tumors were retrospectively assessed for differences in OS, PFS, ORR and change in tumor size at week 6 accordin… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26125448 · Jänne et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC |
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| Erlotinib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3927In a retrospective study of 274 stage IIIB or IV non-small cell lung cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (25/55) treated with erlotinib plus chemotherapy were associated with decreas… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16043828 · Eberhard et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3928In a prospective study of 522 European non-small cell lung cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (42/307) treated with erlotinib as a second-, third-line or more treatment were associa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22982650 · Cadranel et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Gefitinib | Malignant Lung Neoplasm | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID2268In recurrent lung cancer patients treated with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib, patients with KRAS mutations had a lower frequency of partial response (PR) and… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17409929 · Endoh et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Palbociclib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID795In vivo studies confirmed the activity of PD0332991 (CDK4 inhibitor) on KRAS G12V mutant tumors. 17% (2/12) of mice treated with PD0332991 developed detectable lesions, whereas 75% of mice (3/4) treat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20609353 · Puyol et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |