Cancer Family
Bone Marrow Neoplasm
CI-CAN-00000093Explore in graph →
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Cancer Family
CI-CAN-00000093Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
1,124 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABL1 E255V + ABL1 Fusion11 | ||||||||
| Dasatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID4448Three chronic myeloid leukemia patients had the BCR-ABL1 fusion with the E255V secondary variant in one or more bacterial clones generated using peripheral blood RNA. They had no best cytogenetic resp… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16775234 · Talpaz et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 1 | submitted | EID4446In this phase II multinational study, patients with accelerated phase CML and BCR-ABL fusions were treated with dasatinib monotherapy. Response rate among 60 imatinib-resistant patients with BCR-ABL m… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17264298 · Guilhot et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID4449In an in vitro study, a Ba/F3 cell line stably expressing the E255V mutation in the ABL1 portion of the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein was found to have increased sensitivity to dasatinib treatment, as comp… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15256671 · Shah et al., 2004 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID4450In an in vitro study, a Ba/F3 cell line expressing an E255V mutation in the ABL1 portion of the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein was associated with sensitivity to dasatinib treatment (11.0 nmol/L vs. 0.8 nmol… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15930265 · O'Hare et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID4451In an in vitro study, a Ba/F3 cell line stably expressing the E255V mutation in the ABL1 portion of the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein was associated with reduced sensitivity to dasatinib treatment (IC50: 6.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19075254 · Redaelli et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Imatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2656In this study, patients on imatinib monotherapy were monitored for ABL1 kinase domain variants in BCR-ABL1 fusions amplified from peripheral blood RNA. An AP patient had a complete hematologic respons… (full text at CIViC) PMID 12623848 · Branford et al., 2003 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Imatinib Mesylate | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID7245In a phase II study of 60 imatinib-resistant patients with BCR-ABL mutations, 2 had E255V mutations. PMID 17264298 · Guilhot et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID6986In a study of 39 chronic phase CML patients with BCR-ABL variants, E255V was seen in a single imatinib-resistant patient that was also resistant or intolerant to dasatinib and/or nilotinib treatment. … (full text at CIViC) PMID 22371878 · Khoury et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Nilotinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2850In an in vitro study, a Ba/F3 cell line stably expressing the E255V mutation in the ABL1 portion of the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein was associated with resistance to nilotinib treatment (IC50: 10.31-fold… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19075254 · Redaelli et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Imatinib Mesylate + NilotinibSubstitutes | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6971In this open-label, phase II registration trial, patients that were imatinib resistant or intolerant underwent nilotinib monotherapy. Within 12 months of nilotinib therapy, there was no significant di… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19652056 · Hughes et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID2851In an in vitro study, a Ba/F3-p210BCR-ABL1 cell line was ENU-mutated and exposed to graded concentrations of imatinib, nilotinib or dasatinib to identify resistance mutations. The E255V mutation in th… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16772610 · Bradeen et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ABL1 E255V + ABL1 V299L + ABL1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Axitinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID12314In an in vitro study, pro-B Ba/F3 cell line expressing a compound mutant of both E255V and V299L mutations in the ABL1 portion of the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein demonstrated resistance to axitinib treatm… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26582647 · Zabriskie et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ABL1 E279K + ABL1 Fusion4 | ||||||||
| Axitinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID7772In a proliferation assay measuring tritiated thymidine incorporation in the presence of axitinib, Ba/F3 cells carrying the BCR-ABL1 variant showed similar incorporation when harboring fusions with the… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25686603 · Pemovska et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Bosutinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID4542In an in vitro study, a Ba/F3 murine cell line stably expressing the E279K mutation in the ABL1 portion of the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein was associated with sensitivity to bosutinib treatment (IC50: 39.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19075254 · Redaelli et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dasatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive | |||||||
| ABL1 E292L + ABL1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Axitinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID7773In a proliferation assay measuring tritiated thymidine incorporation in the presence of axitinib, Ba/F3 cells carrying the BCR-ABL1 variant showed similar incorporation when harboring fusions with the… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25686603 · Pemovska et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ABL1 E292V + ABL1 Fusion2 | ||||||||
| Dasatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID4474In a retrospective study of 1084 imatinib-resistant or -intolerant, chronic myeloid leukemia (chronic-phase) patients, patients with a mutation in the ABL1 portion of the BCR-ABL gene fusion were asso… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19779040 · Müller et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Nilotinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID2853In an in vitro study, a Ba/F3-p210BCR-ABL1 cell line was ENU-mutated and exposed to graded concentrations of imatinib, nilotinib or dasatinib. The E292V mutation in the ABL1 portion of the BCR-ABL1 fu… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16772610 · Bradeen et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ABL1 E355G + ABL1 Fusion10 | ||||||||
| Bosutinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID4400In this retrospective study, imatinib-resistant or -intolerant patients, with chronic phase CML and BCR-ABL fusions, were treated with bosutanib monotherapy. Complete hematologic response (CHR) and ma… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21865346 · Cortes et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dasatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID4403This is a retrospective study of imatinib-resistant (n = 805) or -intolerant (n = 238), chronic myeloid leukemia (chronic-phase), patients with mutations in the BCR-ABL gene fusion kinase domain from … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19779040 · Müller et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive | |||||||
| ABL1 E450Q + ABL1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Dasatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID7942Prior to dasatinib treatment, one imatinib-resistant patient with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase had the BCR-ABL1 fusion with E450Q/M351T and E450Q variants in 1/10 and 9/10 clones, respect… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16775234 · Talpaz et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ABL1 E450V + ABL1 Fusion2 | ||||||||
| Bosutinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID4563In this retrospective study, imatinib-resistant or -intolerant patients, with chronic phase CML and BCR-ABL fusions, were treated with bosutanib monotherapy. Complete hematologic response (CHR) and ma… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21865346 · Cortes et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dasatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID4564In a retrospective study of 1084 imatinib-resistant or -intolerant, chronic myeloid leukemia (chronic-phase) patients, patients with a mutation in the ABL1 portion of the BCR-ABL gene fusion were asso… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19779040 · Müller et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ABL1 E453A + ABL1 Fusion2 | ||||||||
| Bosutinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID4567This was a retrospective study of dasatinib and/or nilotinib-resistant or -intolerant patients pretreated with imatinib aimed at evaluating the efficacy of bosutanib monotherapy. All patients had chro… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22371878 · Khoury et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Imatinib Mesylate | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID6980In a study of 39 chronic phase CML patients with BCR-ABL variants, E453A was seen in a single imatinib-resistant patient that was also resistant or intolerant to dasatinib and/or nilotinib treatment. … (full text at CIViC) PMID 22371878 · Khoury et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ABL1 E453K + ABL1 Fusion2 | ||||||||
| Bosutinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID4565In this retrospective study, imatinib-resistant or -intolerant patients, with chronic phase CML and BCR-ABL fusions, were treated with bosutanib monotherapy. Complete hematologic response (CHR) and ma… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21865346 · Cortes et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dasatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID4566In a retrospective study of 1084 imatinib-resistant or -intolerant, chronic myeloid leukemia (chronic-phase) patients, patients with a mutation in the ABL1 portion of the BCR-ABL gene fusion were asso… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19779040 · Müller et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ABL1 E453Q + ABL1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Bosutinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID4486In this retrospective study, imatinib-resistant or -intolerant patients, with chronic phase CML and BCR-ABL fusions, were treated with bosutanib monotherapy. Complete hematologic response (CHR) and ma… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21865346 · Cortes et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ABL1 E459K + ABL1 Fusion4 | ||||||||
| Dasatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6310This is a retrospective study of imatinib-resistant (n = 805) or -intolerant (n = 238), chronic myeloid leukemia (chronic-phase), patients with mutations in the BCR-ABL gene fusion kinase domain from … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19779040 · Müller et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID7031In this phase II multinational study, patients with accelerated phase CML and BCR-ABL fusions were treated with dasatinib monotherapy. Response rate among 60 imatinib-resistant patients with BCR-ABL m… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17264298 · Guilhot et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Imatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive | |||||||
| ABL1 E98G + ABL1 Fusion2 | ||||||||
| Dasatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID4711Prior to dasatinib treatment, one imatinib-resistant patient with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase had the BCR-ABL1 fusion with the E98G secondary variant in 11/11 bacterial clones generated … (full text at CIViC) PMID 16775234 · Talpaz et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Imatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID7822One chronic myeloid leukemia patient in chronic phase had a complete best cytogenetic response to imatinib but became resistant. Bacterial clones generated using peripheral blood RNA later revealed th… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16775234 · Talpaz et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ABL1 F311I + ABL1 Fusion3 | ||||||||
| Axitinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID4477In an in vitro study, pro-B Ba/F3 cell line expressing F311I mutation in the ABL1 portion of the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein (overexpression) demonstrated resistance to axitinib treatment (IC50: 935.6nM),… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26582647 · Zabriskie et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Bosutinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID4478In this retrospective study, imatinib-resistant or -intolerant patients, with chronic phase CML and BCR-ABL fusions, were treated with bosutanib monotherapy. Complete hematologic response (CHR) and ma… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21865346 · Cortes et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dasatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive | |||||||
| ABL1 F311L + ABL1 Fusion4 | ||||||||
| Bosutinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID4546In this retrospective study, imatinib-resistant or -intolerant patients, with chronic phase CML and BCR-ABL fusions, were treated with bosutanib monotherapy. Complete hematologic response (CHR) and ma… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21865346 · Cortes et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dasatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID4547In a retrospective study of 1084 imatinib-resistant or -intolerant, chronic myeloid leukemia (chronic-phase) patients, patients with a mutation in the ABL1 portion of the BCR-ABL gene fusion were asso… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19779040 · Müller et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive | |||||||
Data updated 21 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| Predictive |
| C |
| Does Not Support Resistance |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID4543This is a retrospective study of imatinib-resistant (n = 805) or -intolerant (n = 238), chronic myeloid leukemia (chronic-phase), patients with mutations in the BCR-ABL gene fusion kinase domain from … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19779040 · Müller et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| 〃 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID4544In an in vitro study, Ba/F3 cell line stably expressing the E279K mutation in the ABL1 portion of the BCR-ABL1 gene fusion was associated with sensitivity to dasatinib treatment (IC50: 3nM vs. IC50: 1… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19075254 · Redaelli et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| C |
| Does Not Support Resistance |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID4404Prior to dasatinib treatment, three imatinib-resistant patients with chronic myeloid leukemia had the BCR-ABL1 fusion with the E355G secondary variant in one or more bacterial clones. Clones were gene… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16775234 · Talpaz et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID4401In a retrospective study of 174 imatinib-resistant or -intolerant Philadelphia chromosome BCR-ABL1fusion positive accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients, patients with mutations in the AB… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19487385 · Apperley et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID4402In this phase II multinational study, patients with accelerated phase CML and BCR-ABL fusions were treated with dasatinib monotherapy. Response rate among 60 imatinib-resistant patients with BCR-ABL m… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17264298 · Guilhot et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID4405In an in vitro study, a Ba/F3 cell line stably expressing the E355G mutation in the ABL1 portion of the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein was found to have increased sensitivity to dasatinib treatment, as compa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15256671 · Shah et al., 2004 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Imatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2664In this study, patients on imatinib monotherapy were monitored for ABL1 kinase domain variants in BCR-ABL1 fusions amplified from peripheral blood RNA. A CP patient had complete cytogenetic response u… (full text at CIViC) PMID 12623848 · Branford et al., 2003 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID8090In this study, patients on imatinib monotherapy were monitored for ABL1 kinase domain variants in BCR-ABL1 fusions amplified from peripheral blood RNA. An acute-phase patient achieved complete hematol… (full text at CIViC) PMID 12623848 · Branford et al., 2003 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Imatinib Mesylate | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID7036In a phase II study of 60 imatinib-resistant patients with BCR-ABL mutations, 4 had E355G mutations PMID 17264298 · Guilhot et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID6255In an in vitro study, stochastic mutations were introduced into the ABL1 region of a stably expressed p210 BCR-ABL fusion in Ba/F3 cells using N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis. Resulting clones were … (full text at CIViC) PMID 16772610 · Bradeen et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| C |
| Supports Resistance |
| 2 |
| accepted |
EID8092In this study, patients on imatinib monotherapy were monitored for ABL1 kinase domain variants in BCR-ABL1 fusions amplified from peripheral blood RNA. A late-chronic phase (CP) patient had a complete… (full text at CIViC) PMID 12623848 · Branford et al., 2003 · Open in CIViC |
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| Imatinib Mesylate | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID7046In a phase II study of 60 imatinib-resistant patients with BCR-ABL mutations, 3 had E459K mutations PMID 17264298 · Guilhot et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| C |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 2 |
| submitted |
EID4479In a retrospective study of 1084 imatinib-resistant or -intolerant, chronic myeloid leukemia (chronic-phase) patients, patients with a mutation in the ABL1 portion of the BCR-ABL gene fusion were asso… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19779040 · Müller et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| Predictive |
| D |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 2 |
| submitted |
EID4548In an in vitro study, a Ba/F3 cell line expressing a F311L mutation in the ABL1 portion of the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein was associated with sensitivity to dasatinib treatment (1.3 nmol/L vs. 0.8 nmol/L… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15930265 · O'Hare et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC |
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| Imatinib Mesylate + NilotinibCombination | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID6238In an in vitro study, stochastic mutations were introduced into the ABL1 region of a stably expressed p210 BCR-ABL fusion in Ba/F3 cells using N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis. Resulting clones were … (full text at CIViC) PMID 16772610 · Bradeen et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |